{"id":1386,"date":"2020-12-14T19:57:08","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T16:57:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/?p=1386"},"modified":"2020-12-14T19:57:10","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T16:57:10","slug":"toplumsal-duzen-koyucular-fikih-ve-hukuk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/2020\/12\/14\/toplumsal-duzen-koyucular-fikih-ve-hukuk\/","title":{"rendered":"Toplumsal D\u00fczen Koyucular: F\u0131k\u0131h ve Hukuk"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

F\u0131k\u0131h, \u0130slam dininin toplumsal cepheye bakan y\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nsan ili\u015fkilerini, naslara dayanarak d\u00fczenleyen bir sistemdir. F\u0131kh\u0131n bir hukuk modeli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur. Yani \u0130slam hukuku dedi\u011fimizde F\u0131k\u0131h m\u0131 demi\u015f oluyoruz? Yoksa \u0130slam hukuku, f\u0131kh\u0131n bir dal\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r? gibi sorular hala \u0130slami ilimler i\u00e7erisinde caridir. Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. Biz bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda genel anlamda kullan\u0131lan hukuk ile f\u0131k\u0131h kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n mukayesesi yapaca\u011f\u0131z. Aralar\u0131ndaki farklara de\u011finece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nce tan\u0131msal farklara bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mecellenin birinci maddesinde f\u0131k\u0131h ilmi \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201c\u0130lm-i f\u0131kh, mesail-i \u015fer’iyye-i ameliyyeyi bilmektir<\/em>\u201d. Yani, ameliyeye ili\u015fkin \u015fer’i meseleler f\u0131k\u0131h biliminin konusunu olu\u015fturur. Kubbealt\u0131 L\u00fcgatine g\u00f6re ameliye<\/em> kelimesi, \u201ci\u015f\u201d, \u201cfiil\u201d ve \u201cmuamele\u201d demektir. Yani insan\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00e2bi olaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin incelenmesi f\u0131kh\u0131n konusunu te\u015fkil eder. Buna g\u00f6re inan\u00e7lar ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131mayan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler f\u0131k\u0131ktan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, \u201cmuamelat (bor\u00e7lar hukuku)\u201d, \u201cukubat (ceza hukuku)\u201d ve \u201cm\u00fcnakahat (aile hukuku)\u201d f\u0131kh\u0131n konusuna girer; ama \u201citikadat\u201d f\u0131kh\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131r. “Hukuk” kelimesi ise Arap\u00e7a olan \u201chak\u201d kelimesinin \u00e7o\u011fulu olarak bilinir. Teknik anlamda ise hukuk \u201cbelirli bir toplumda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ili\u015fkiyi d\u00fczenleyen ve uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde devlet yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ba\u011flanan kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yapt\u0131r\u0131m (m\u00fceyyide) konusunu biraz a\u00e7acak olursak; hukuk alan\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131m, kamu g\u00fcc\u00fc ile uygulan\u0131r. Hukuka uymay\u0131 zorlama, uymayanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rma ve uyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlardaki zararlar\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hukuk d\u00fczenini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ve korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar gene hukuk d\u00fczeninin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fekilde yerine getirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u0131k\u0131h, g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere dinle yani \u0130slam diniyle ilintilidir. Din i\u00e7erisinde bir olu\u015fumdur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczene koymay\u0131 hedefler. Toplumsal kanunlar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmler istihra\u00e7 eder. Hukuk ise dinden farkl\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, devlet d\u00fczeninde olu\u015fturulmu\u015f kurallar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u0131kh\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131, dinin iki kayna\u011f\u0131 yani Kuran ve hadislerdir. T\u00fcm f\u0131khi h\u00fck\u00fcmler Kuran ve hadislerden istinbat edilir. Genel olarak \u0130slam \u015feriat\u0131ndan olmayan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yer almaz. Bilakis dini olmayan t\u00fcm farkl\u0131 eylemler de f\u0131k\u0131h taraf\u0131ndan tenkit edilir. Hukukta kaynak ak\u0131l ve tecr\u00fcbedir. Hi\u00e7bir din, devlet hukukunda cari de\u011fildir. -Tabi teokratik devletleri es ge\u00e7memiz gerek.- Hukuk her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mecradan faydalanabilir. Tek amac\u0131 toplumsal d\u00fczeni sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

F\u0131k\u0131h ve hukuk aras\u0131ndaki farklardan bir tanesi de; f\u0131kh\u0131n, tanr\u0131-insan aras\u0131 ili\u015fkileri de d\u00fczenlemesidir. F\u0131k\u0131h hem insan-toplum hem de insan-tanr\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ameliyeyi ele al\u0131r. Namaz mesela ki\u015finin Allah\u2019la aras\u0131nda olan bir \u015feydir. Fakat burada da baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler yapar. Hukuk sadece insan-toplum aras\u0131ndaki ameliyeyle ilgilenir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n tanr\u0131yla ili\u015fkilerine m\u00fcdahil olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u0131k\u0131h resmi de\u011fildir. \u0130slam cumhuriyetleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, f\u0131kh\u0131n toplumsal d\u00fczende resmi bir y\u00f6n\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ki\u015filer f\u0131kha uyup uymamakta serbesttir. Fakat hukuk resmidir. Toplumun t\u00fcm fertleri kanunlara uymak zorundad\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 ya da ayr\u0131ks\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunamazlar. Kanunlara uyulmamas\u0131 halinde cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. F\u0131kha uymayanlar i\u00e7in yapt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ya da cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 unsurlar s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

F\u0131k\u0131h, \u0130slam dininin toplumsal cepheye bakan y\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nsan ili\u015fkilerini, naslara dayanarak d\u00fczenleyen bir sistemdir. F\u0131kh\u0131n bir hukuk modeli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma konusudur. Yani \u0130slam hukuku dedi\u011fimizde F\u0131k\u0131h m\u0131 demi\u015f oluyoruz? Yoksa \u0130slam hukuku, f\u0131kh\u0131n bir dal\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r? gibi sorular hala \u0130slami ilimler i\u00e7erisinde caridir. Canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. Biz bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda genel anlamda kullan\u0131lan hukuk ile f\u0131k\u0131h […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[219],"tags":[528,581,595,596],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1386"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1386"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1390,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1386\/revisions\/1390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}