{"id":1410,"date":"2020-12-14T21:08:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T18:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/?p=1410"},"modified":"2020-12-14T21:13:39","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T18:13:39","slug":"iki-varoluscu-kierkegaard-ve-sartre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/2020\/12\/14\/iki-varoluscu-kierkegaard-ve-sartre\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ki Varolu\u015f\u00e7u; Kierkegaard ve Sartre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk ak\u0131m\u0131 felsefe tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde yap\u0131lan sistematik ve akademik felsefeye bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 mahiyeti ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sundu\u011fu farkl\u0131, marjinal fikirlerle \u00f6nemli bir yer etmi\u015ftir. Modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ruhuna uygun bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler taraf\u0131ndan kabullenmi\u015f hatta bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sebebi; tarih boyunca insan\u0131n arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131, pe\u015fin pe\u015fin anlams\u0131z bulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani nereden geldik, neredeyiz ve nereye gidiyoruz sorular\u0131na cevap bulmay\u0131 manas\u0131z b\u0131rakan ve bu eylemi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseyen tavr\u0131yla psikolojik bir rahatlama etkisi de yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geli\u015fen bilim ve teknolojinin, k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n, din tahriflerinin ortas\u0131nda zaten akl\u0131 kar\u0131\u015fan topluluklara bir ila\u00e7 gibi gelmi\u015ftir. Varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk bir sistemdir. Di\u011fer sistemlerden fark\u0131, sistemli \u015fekilde ele al\u0131namamas\u0131d\u0131r. Varolu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fu anlamak i\u00e7in gereken \u015fey varolu\u015f\u00e7u filozoflar\u0131 ele almak, her birini ayr\u0131 bir potada de\u011ferlendirmektir. Ancak bu \u015fekilde elle tutulur bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f tarz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u00e7izebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kierkegaard hakk\u0131ndaki k\u0131sa ve toparlay\u0131c\u0131 bir video izlemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"PHILOSOPHY - Soren Kierkegaard\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/D9JCwkx558o?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kierkegaard, 1813 y\u0131l\u0131nda Danimarka\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f. Fundamentalist bir ailenin elinde yeti\u015fmi\u015f. Ve baba otoritesi alt\u0131nda ilk e\u011fitimini alm\u0131\u015f. Bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ilk e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecinin haliyle din a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Evin kat\u0131 din atmosferi Kierkegaard\u2019\u0131n da s\u0131k\u0131 bir dindar olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015f. Sartre ise 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f. Nispeten daha \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve farkl\u0131 bir ortamda yeti\u015fti\u011fini iddia edebiliriz. Babas\u0131n\u0131 erken ya\u015fta kaybetmesinin de etkisi s\u00f6z konusu. Annesinin yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f. Ve olduk\u00e7a iyi bir e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Kierkegaard.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1414\" width=\"155\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Kierkegaard.jpg 310w, https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Kierkegaard-203x300.jpg 203w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/><figcaption>Kierkegaard<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu noktada varolu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fun babas\u0131 say\u0131lan Kierkegaard ile ba\u015flamak mant\u0131kl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Zira varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk ruhuna uygun ilk mant\u0131ksal \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f tarz\u0131n\u0131 onda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Sundu\u011fu farkl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile kendisinden sonra gelen filozoflara \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015f ve y\u00f6n vermi\u015ftir. Yine bu ak\u0131m\u0131n en \u00f6nemli isimlerinden biri olan Sartre\u2019a bakmak da olduk\u00e7a faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kierkegaard ile ba\u015flayan macera Sartre gibi bir entelekt\u00fcelin elinde zirve noktas\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr aras\u0131ndaki hayat s\u00fcren ve \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 olan Nietzsche, Heidegger ve Camus gibi isimleri de unutmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kierkegaard ba\u015flarda adeta bir rahip. Teoloji as\u0131l alan\u0131. Sonra felsefe ve hatta din felsefesiyle yo\u011fun u\u011fra\u015f i\u00e7ine giriyor. Bu s\u0131ra din adamlar\u0131yla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Hegel kafay\u0131 takt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli isimlerden biri. Sartre\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flarda kom\u00fcnist sonra Maocu ve en sonunda anar\u015fist oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. O hep anar\u015fist oldu\u011funu iddia ediyor. Kierkegaard ve Sartre aras\u0131ndaki en temel farklardan biri Sartre\u2019\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede politize olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sartre politika ile u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken dini hi\u00e7 \u00f6nemsememi\u015ftir. Kierkegaard ise sadece din ve dini meselelerle ilgilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her ikisi de sistemsiz bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Kierkegaard dini soru\u015ftururken felsefeyi merkeze al\u0131r. Ak\u0131l s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7irerek kanaatlerini olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sartre da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde felsefeyi merkeze oturtarak, ak\u0131l ile hareket eder. Bu anlamda aralar\u0131nda herhangi bir fark yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/sartre-300x217.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1413\" width=\"225\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/sartre-300x217.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/sartre-1024x740.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/sartre-768x555.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/sartre.jpeg 1436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><figcaption>Sartre<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Kierkegaard\u2019\u0131n temel derdi; Hristiyanl\u0131kt\u0131r. Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yozla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve art\u0131k insanlar\u0131 sapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eder. Ve dini bireysel temele indirgemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Vicdanla alakaland\u0131r\u0131r. Sartre ise insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile u\u011fra\u015f\u0131r. D\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlama ve ya\u015fam\u0131n anlams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na odaklan\u0131r. Kierkegaard daha iyi bir Hristiyan nas\u0131l olunur bunun derdindeyken, Sartre ya\u015fam\u0131 hasars\u0131z atlatma gayesindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sartre\u2019\u0131n felsefesini daha yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"PHILOSOPHY - Sartre\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3bQsZxDQgzU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kierkegaard\u2019a g\u00f6re insan as\u0131l ya\u015fam\u0131 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc varolu\u015fun fark\u0131na varamaz ki varolu\u015f samut ve \u00f6znel insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ta kendisidir. Sartre\u2019a g\u00f6re insan alabildi\u011fine \u00f6zg\u00fcrd\u00fcr. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe mahkumdur. Ve varolu\u015f insan i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanan bir \u015feydir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda insan menfaati i\u00e7indir. Bunu Sartre \u015f\u00f6yle ifade eder; Varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk, H\u00fcmanizmin kendisidir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kierkegaard ve Sartre aras\u0131ndaki farklardan biri de Sartre\u2019\u0131n felsefi romanlarda kaleme almas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nceleme t\u00fcr\u00fcndeki eserlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra edebi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de vard\u0131r. Kierkegaard ise defalarca roman yazmay\u0131 denemi\u015f fakat ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk ak\u0131m\u0131 felsefe tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemlerde yap\u0131lan sistematik ve akademik felsefeye bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 mahiyeti ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sundu\u011fu farkl\u0131, marjinal fikirlerle \u00f6nemli bir yer etmi\u015ftir. Modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ruhuna uygun bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleler taraf\u0131ndan kabullenmi\u015f hatta bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sebebi; tarih boyunca insan\u0131n arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131, pe\u015fin pe\u015fin anlams\u0131z bulmas\u0131d\u0131r. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1411,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[528,581,611,320],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1410"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1418,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410\/revisions\/1418"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}