{"id":153,"date":"2020-10-28T15:12:46","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T12:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/2018\/05\/03\/bu-vitaminlerin-eksikligine-dikkat-edin\/"},"modified":"2020-12-14T18:37:19","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T15:37:19","slug":"machiavelli-mi-thomas-hobbes-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/28\/machiavelli-mi-thomas-hobbes-mu\/","title":{"rendered":"Prens mi? Leviathan m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n iki \u00f6nemli siyaset d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc. Biri \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck siyaset\u00e7isi di\u011feri \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ayd\u0131n\u0131. \u0130kisi de \u00fclkesine hizmeti bor\u00e7 bilmi\u015f. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek ve yazarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Ama Machiavelli itibars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ukurunda bo\u011fulurken, Hobbes d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n nimetlerine gark olmu\u015f. Felsefeleri aras\u0131nda benzerlik olsa da hayatlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Machiavelli, San Ka\u015fyano\u2019nun bedbaht d\u00e2hisi. \u00d6nceleri devlet nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir makama sahip olsa da sonralar\u0131 itibar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f. Kutlu bir emele hizmet ederken, amele olmu\u015f, kut layemut ya\u015famaya mahk\u00fbm b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Krall\u0131k y\u00f6netimlerinde hi\u00e7bir makam ve mans\u0131b\u0131n gelecek garantisi yoktur. Bir kral \u00f6l\u00fcr, di\u011fer gelir ve bir gecede her \u015fey bamba\u015fka olur. Halk yabanc\u0131 bir sabaha uyan\u0131r. Machiavelli\u2019nin de o halktan fark\u0131 yoktur. Siyasetten menedilir. Sonraki \u00f6mr\u00fc Mecidi ailesine kendisini ispat edebilme me\u015fgalesi ile ge\u00e7er. Bir kitap yazar; Prens. Bu \u00f6yle bir kitapt\u0131r ki tarihte benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f fikirler sayfalar\u0131nda arz\u0131 endam etmektedir. Farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Machiavelli\u2019nin de en g\u00fcvendi\u011fi \u015fey eserin bu farkl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Ama bir kez daha g\u00fcveni bo\u015fa gidecek hatta hak etmedi\u011fi muamelelere maruz kalacakt\u0131r. Kader kimi zaman b\u00f6yledir. S\u0131namaktan usanmaz insan\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden Macauley, Machiavelli i\u00e7in \u201cedebiyat tarihinin en m\u00fczmin ismi\u201d der. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de kitab\u0131 ilgi g\u00f6rmez. Canilik, d\u00fczenbazl\u0131k, oport\u00fcnistlik, \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131l\u0131k ve daha pek \u00e7ok s\u0131fatla tahkir edilir. Tek su\u00e7u hakikati s\u00f6ylemektir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Hobbes, Machivelli\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden tam 31 y\u0131l sonra d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f. Ya\u015f fark\u0131 asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok de\u011fil. O da R\u00f6nesans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc. Ve e\u011fer R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131 Patristik ve Skolastik Felsefelerinin izlerinin silindi\u011fi bir ara-ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrsek, Hobbes da bir nevi ara-d\u00f6nem filozofudur. Machiavelli\u2019yi iyi bilir. \u0130yi tan\u0131r. Sebebi bu mudur bilinmez fakat yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserin yani Leviathan\u2019\u0131n, Prens\u2019ten \u00e7ok da farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131s\u0131 yoktur. H\u00fck\u00fcmdara mutlaka saltanat atfeder. H\u00e2kim g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz bir devlette, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en eski k\u00fclt\u00fcrel formlar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nece\u011fini iddia eder. Hobbes da Machivelli de insandaki \u201cego\u201dnun tehlikelerine dikkat \u00e7eker. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ego yani bencillik ya da ki\u015fisel menfaat muhatap i\u00e7in ciddi bir tehlike kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu devlet baz\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde ego sahibi iki h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n, ki\u015fisel h\u0131rslar\u0131na yenik d\u00fc\u015fmeleri b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal felaketlere neden olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Machiavelli de Hobbes da halk\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z bir egemenin bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini iddia eder. Fark \u015fu ki Machiavelli bu egemenli\u011fi talihe b\u0131rakmaktansa hile ile elde tutulabilece\u011fini iddia ederken, Hobbes bunu yapmaz. D\u00fczenli, sistemli kanun ve kurallar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya uygulanmas\u0131na ba\u011flar. Bir di\u011fer fark da Machivalli\u2019nin halk\u0131 bir basamak olarak g\u00f6rmesi fakat Hobbes\u2019un h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ile halk aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131 koparmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her iki filozof ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel bir \u00e7a\u011f atlama evresinde olan insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6zeti gibidir. Siyaset felsefesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da beka aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n devletlere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok da farkl\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Machiavelli ve Hobbes bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n iki \u00f6nemli siyaset d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc. Biri \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck siyaset\u00e7isi di\u011feri \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ayd\u0131n\u0131. \u0130kisi de \u00fclkesine hizmeti bor\u00e7 bilmi\u015f. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek ve yazarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Ama Machiavelli itibars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ukurunda bo\u011fulurken, Hobbes d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n nimetlerine gark olmu\u015f. Felsefeleri aras\u0131nda benzerlik olsa da hayatlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Machiavelli, San Ka\u015fyano\u2019nun bedbaht d\u00e2hisi. \u00d6nceleri devlet nezdinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir makama […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":713,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[218],"tags":[528,581,268,270,269,267],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":714,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153\/revisions\/714"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}