{"id":68,"date":"2018-05-03T14:20:38","date_gmt":"2018-05-03T11:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/2018\/05\/03\/avustralya-gozunu-uzaya-dikti\/"},"modified":"2020-12-14T17:57:33","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T14:57:33","slug":"gazali-kant-arasindaki-farklar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/2018\/05\/03\/gazali-kant-arasindaki-farklar\/","title":{"rendered":"Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131n\u0131n Kaderine Y\u00f6n Veren Adamlar: Gazali ve Kant"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Gazali, \u0130slam medeniyetinin yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck isimlerden biridir. Geni\u015f ilgi alanlar\u0131 ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fa damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar pek \u00e7ok ilim adam\u0131n\u0131n idol\u00fc olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kant\u2019a gelince \u201cfelsefe ya Kant\u2019la yap\u0131l\u0131r ya da Kant\u2019a ra\u011fmen\u201d diye bir s\u00f6z vard\u0131r. Bu da Kant\u2019\u0131n felsefe tarihindeki yerini anlatan veciz s\u00f6zlerden bir tanesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kant felsefede \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an, ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki felsefi birikimi harmanlayarak yepyeni bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce saray\u0131 in\u015fa eden m\u00fcmtaz bir simad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcstat Cemil Meri\u00e7, \u201cher y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, geri kalanlar sadece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclenler \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u201d der. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda \u00fcstad\u0131n anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyin do\u011frulu\u011funu ispat eden iki isme ve aralar\u0131ndaki farklara yak\u0131ndan bakaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Ebu Hamid el-Gazali, 1058 y\u0131l\u0131nda Horasan\u2019da do\u011fmu\u015f. Tus, C\u00fcrcan ve Ni\u015fapur\u2019da e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f. Fakir bir aileye mensup oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in d\u00f6nemin Sel\u00e7uklu veziri Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk\u2019\u00fcn kurdu\u011fu medresede e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. Kant\u2019\u0131n do\u011fum tarihi ise Gazali\u2019ye nazaran olduk\u00e7a ge\u00e7. O da 1724 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00f6nigsberg \u015fehrinde fakir ve dindar bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Her ikisinin de e\u011fitim hayat\u0131 olduk\u00e7a parlak. Gazali, d\u00f6neminin en iyi alimlerinden olan \u0130mamu\u2019l-Harameyn lakapl\u0131 C\u00fcveyni\u2019den ders alm\u0131\u015f. Kant ise daha sekiz ya\u015f\u0131nda o y\u0131llar\u0131n en iyi okulu olan Collegium Fredericianum\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f. Daha 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bitirme tezi ile \u00fcniversite e\u011fitimini tamamlam\u0131\u015f. Aralar\u0131ndaki en temel fark ise, Gazali\u2019nin alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu e\u011fitim sonras\u0131 kendini ciddi bir anlam krizi i\u00e7inde bulmas\u0131 sebebiyle inzivaya \u00e7ekilmesi, Kant\u2019\u0131n disiplininden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve farkl\u0131 sahalarda eser \u00fcretmeye devam etmesidir.<\/p>\n

\"\"Kant\u2019\u0131n ilk ilgi duydu\u011fu alan fiziktir. Newton fizi\u011fine hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir alaka duyar. Okumalar yapar. K\u00e2inat\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fini merak eder. Ve yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk tez de yine fizik \u00fczerine olur. Ayn\u0131 merak Gazali\u2019de de s\u00f6z konusudur. O da alemin, e\u015fyan\u0131n ve tanr\u0131n\u0131n mahiyetinin derdindedir. Fakat Kant\u2019tan fark\u0131 tam 11 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek inzivaya \u00e7ekilmesidir. Ak\u0131l yoluyla merak ettiklerine ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olsa gerek b\u00f6yle bir yolu tercih eder. Hatta inzivas\u0131n\u0131n bitiminde m\u00fcderrisli\u011fe ba\u015flar ama devam edemez, yeniden bir inziva s\u00fcrecine girer. Ta ki 1111 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki vefat\u0131na kadar.<\/p>\n

Gazali\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem \u0130slam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde kelam, felsefe, tasavvuf gibi pek \u00e7ok ilim sistemle\u015firken di\u011fer taraftan bat\u0131ni fikirler de yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcm ilimleri kendisinde toplayan Gazali sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde bu bat\u0131ni olu\u015fumlarla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. Kant\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde de Almanya \u00f6zellikle bir felsefe merkeziydi. Fakat Kant sadece felsefe de\u011fil, fizik, co\u011frafya, teoloji, mant\u0131k ve metafizikle de u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ilgilendi\u011fi her alana dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Her ikisinin de akla verilen de\u011feri ele\u015ftirdiklerini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Kendilerinden \u00f6ncekilerin akla bi\u00e7tikleri pay, onlara g\u00f6re haddi a\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Bu sebeple akla hak etti\u011fi de\u011fer verilmeli, akl\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bilgi kaynaklar\u0131 da tespit edilmeliydi. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Gazali\u2019nin ak\u0131lla m\u00fccadelesi kendi deyimiyle \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla\u201d son bulmu\u015f, Kant\u2019\u0131nki ise ke\u015ffetti\u011fi evrensel ahlak kaidesiyle neticelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Gazali de Kant da sonraki felsefecilere ve metafizikle u\u011fra\u015fan kimselere ufuk a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta Kant\u2019\u0131 etkileyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda Gazali\u2019nin de bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Bu net de\u011fil. Fakat Kant\u2019\u0131n da t\u0131pk\u0131 Gazali gibi kendinden \u00f6nceki ilmi birikimi ihya etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k ve nettir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gazali, \u0130slam medeniyetinin yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck isimlerden biridir. Geni\u015f ilgi alanlar\u0131 ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fa damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar pek \u00e7ok ilim adam\u0131n\u0131n idol\u00fc olmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kant\u2019a gelince \u201cfelsefe ya Kant\u2019la yap\u0131l\u0131r ya da Kant\u2019a ra\u011fmen\u201d diye bir s\u00f6z vard\u0131r. Bu da Kant\u2019\u0131n felsefe tarihindeki yerini anlatan veciz s\u00f6zlerden bir tanesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kant felsefede […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":950,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[218],"tags":[528,581,418,419,417,420],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":955,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68\/revisions\/955"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}