{"id":86,"date":"2019-10-27T14:53:33","date_gmt":"2019-10-27T11:53:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/2018\/05\/03\/hollywooda-karsi-bir-savas-bagimsiz-sinema\/"},"modified":"2020-12-14T18:23:05","modified_gmt":"2020-12-14T15:23:05","slug":"spinoza-ibn-arabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/27\/spinoza-ibn-arabi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130bn Arab\u00ee ve Spinoza&#8217;ya Yak\u0131ndan Bakmak"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Muhyiddin \u0130bni Arabi vs Baruch Spinoza<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Biri Hollandal\u0131 Yahudi, di\u011feri End\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman. Kendi \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n en fazla ses getiren iki ismi. Aralar\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok fark bulunsa da ortak bir kadere sahiptiler; anla\u015f\u0131lmamak.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bni Arabi, Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda c\u00f6mertlikleriyle me\u015fhur olan Tayy Kabilesine mensuptu. Spinoza ise Safaradi olarak bilinen bir Yahudi me\u015frebine. Her ikisi de olduk\u00e7a \u015fansl\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130bni Arabi\u2019nin do\u011fdu\u011fu devirde End\u00fcl\u00fcs, Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde Hollanda, birer ilim merkeziydiler. End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019te \u0130slam hakimiyeti, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc koruyordu. Fakat Hollanda\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan farkl\u0131 olu\u015fumlar, pe\u015fi s\u0131ra dinsel b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeleri meydana getirmi\u015fti. Bunun haricinde her iki \u015fehir de bilimsel bulu\u015flar, felsefi tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve ilmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar hat safhadayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bni Arabi, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyada geleneksel hale gelen ilim seyahatlerinde bulunmu\u015ftu. Bu seyahatler o d\u00f6nemlerde do\u011fulu ilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli farklardan biriydi. Ama Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n hayat\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir aktivite g\u00f6remiyoruz. O da \u00e7o\u011fu bat\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ilmi yollarda de\u011fil, masa ba\u015f\u0131nda edinmi\u015f, seyahatlerini kitaplar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Her ikisinin de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir mistisizm atmosferi s\u00f6z konusuydu. Sebebi e\u011fitimlerinin pek \u00e7o\u011funu din adamlar\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130bni Arabi neredeyse t\u00fcm e\u011fitimini M\u00fcsl\u00fcman alimlerden, din konusunda uzman kimselerden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Spinoza da \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flarda Yahudi okullar\u0131na gitmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve \u0130branice \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti. \u0130bni Arabi Kuran\u2019\u0131 en iyi \u015fekilde ezberlerken, Spinoza Tevrat\u2019\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131ksam\u0131\u015f hatta mukayeseli teoloji dersleri bile alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130bni Arabi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla tam bir mutasavv\u0131ft\u0131. Z\u00fcht timsali, tekke erbab\u0131 ve tasavvuf piri gibi ge\u00e7irirdi g\u00fcnlerini. Y\u0131llarca bila bedel hizmetinde bulundu\u011fu Kordoval\u0131 Fatma\u2019n\u0131n bu konuda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkisi s\u00f6z konusudur. Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n hayat\u0131nda da g\u00f6ze ilk \u00e7arpan tutum de\u011fme softal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. O da mistiklere has bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130bni Arabi\u2019den bu konudaki tek fark\u0131 biraz politize olmas\u0131 ve bu sebeple ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belaya sokmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bela demi\u015fken iki b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck paydas\u0131, anla\u015f\u0131lmamalar\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da heretik addedilmeleridir. \u0130bni Arabi, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitle taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u015eeyh-i Ekber\u201d yani \u201cen b\u00fcy\u00fck imam\u201d olarak kabul edildi. Ama di\u011fer taraftan az\u0131msanmayacak bir g\u00fcruh da ona \u201c\u015eeyh-i Ekfer\u201d yani \u201cen b\u00fcy\u00fck kafir\u201d dedi. Kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. \u00d6\u011fretilerini saman alt\u0131 etti. Spinoza bu noktada da \u0130bni Arabi ile ayn\u0131 kaderi payla\u015f\u0131r. Resmi anlamda dinden aforoz edildi\u011fine dair bir malumat\u0131m\u0131z olmasa da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde dini erkin sert sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de \u201cdininden d\u00f6nen bir Yahudi\u201d yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131yla \u00fczerinde akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kay\u0131tlar var elimizde.<\/p>\n<p>Felsefelerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u0130bni Arabi ve Spinoza aras\u0131nda ciddi benzerlikler g\u00f6rmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u0130bni Arabi ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen ve onun en b\u00fcy\u00fck nazariyesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Vahdet-i V\u00fccud, Spinoza\u2019n\u0131n panteizmiyle ciddi benzerlikler ta\u015f\u0131r. \u0130kisini birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Fakat aralar\u0131nda yak\u0131ndan alaka bulunmas\u0131 birebir ayn\u0131 olduklar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Bilakis dikkatli bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki teori aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck farklar\u0131n oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcretilmi\u015f olan k\u0131ymete de\u011fer hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi zaman eskitemez. \u00d6yle ya da b\u00f6yle bir \u015fekilde hak etti\u011fini bulur. Bug\u00fcn \u0130bni Arabi\u2019yle de Spinoza\u2019yla da u\u011fra\u015fan, tekfir eden, fikirleriyle sava\u015fan kimse yok. Varsa da dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131yorlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck dehan\u0131n fikir ve felsefe d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ufuk art\u0131k g\u00fcpe g\u00fcn ortada.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Farkl\u0131 evren ve Tanr\u0131 tasavvurlar\u0131yla geni\u015f kitleleri etkileyen iki filozofa yak\u0131ndan bak\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":692,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[218],"tags":[528,223,581,283,289,292,290,291],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=86"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":643,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/86\/revisions\/643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=86"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.farklarsozlugu.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=86"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}